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Description
As early as the 11th century, Italian warfare was developing along lines which were unique in medieval Europe. This fragmented, cosmopolitan region, increasingly rich from international trade, saw the rise of independent cities able to fund armies of urban militia, sometimes defying the... read more
First Sentence
"DIVERSITY, REGIONAL VARIATIONS AND LOCAL LOYALTIES were characteristic of medieval Italy, with rivalry between the wealthy cities stemming from a desire to control trade routes on land and sea."
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