The Vertigo Years (2008) (edit title/settings)

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• Wilhelm II: Kaiser of Germany, son of Empress Victoria,
• Sergei Witte: Russian Finance Minister. Negotiated peace with Japan after the Russian-Japanese War. From Wikipedia: Was a highly influential policy-maker who presided over extensive industrialization within the Russian Empire. He served under the last two emperors of Russia. He was also the author of the October Manifesto of 1905, a precursor to Russia's first constitution, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) of the Russian Empire.
• Otto Wagner: Architect
• Georgi Apollonovich Gapon: Russian Orthodox Priest. Commanded the "Bloody Sunday" march in St Petersburg in 1905
• Galton: Add a description of this character.
• Rudolf Steiner: Literary Scholar. Edited Goethe´s scientific writings
• Lombroso
• Haeckel
• Marie Curie
• Thomas Mann
• Igor Stravinsky: "....translated the bloody spasms of the revolution into the Sacre du printemps, a cruel ritual sacrifice of youth in ballets whose choreography used tutus for simple smocks and pirouettes for pounding rage;..." Philipp Blom
• Bertha Von Suttner: Baroness. Nobel Peace Price Laureate, devoted her life to promote peace. Feminist
• Edward VII: Prince of Wales and King of England. Son of Queen Victoria. Uncle of Kaiser Wilhelm II
• Rosa Mayreder: Feminist, demanded suffrage and better working conditions
• Sarah Bernhardt: British Actress. Edward VII mistress
• Hugo Von Hofmannsthal: Vienesse Writer
• Henry Adams
• Mirskii
• Fisher
• Sigmund Freud: Vienese Psychoanalyst
• Robin
• Albert Einstein
• Robert Musil: Writer
• Weininger
• Pablo Picasso: Painter
• Darwin
• George Bernard Shaw
• Adolf Loos: Architect
• Liebenberg
• Jean Jaurès: French anti-war Socialist. Assassinated in 1914
• Bonnot
• Goddard
• Egon Schiele: Painter
• Andrei Bely: Russian Writer. He felt the connection with "Orientalism". Novel: Petrograd, written after being present in the Bloody Sunday in 1906
• Otto von Bismarck: Aristocrat Reich Chancellor
• Leo Von Caprivi: Count. Aristocrat Reich Chancellor
• Clodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst: Prince. Aristocrat Reich Chancellor
• Bernhard von Bulow: Prince. Aristocrat Reich Chancellor
• Alfred Krupp: German Steel Magnate
• Rudolf Virchow: Pathologist and Public Health Campaigner
• Edward Elgar: British Composer. Composed the Pomp and Circumstance Marches for the Edward VII Coronation in 1902
• Emperor Franz Joseph I: Emperor of the Austrian-Hungary Empire. Habsburg Family
• Empress Elisabeth of Austria: Sisi. Assasinated by Anarchists in Geneva in 1889. Wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Hated by Emperor Franz Joseph I. Habsburg Family
• Emile Loubert: French President
• Rudyard Kipling: Poet. Bard of England
• Henry James: American Writer
• King Leopold: Of Belgium
• Stefan Zweig: Novelist
• Jean-Martin Charcot: Psychiatrist. Sigmund Freud Professor
• Gustav Mahler: Composer
• Ludwig Wittgenstein: Philosopher
• Karl Kraus: Publicist. "En Viena, se convirtió en excepcional testigo de una sociedad hipócrita, un infierno cubierto de azúcar glass donde las enfermedades morales eran acalladas por los valses de Johann Strauss" de Juan Viloro en El Malpensante No. 120 Junio/2011
• Gustav Klimt: Founding Member of the Secession Group
• Oskar Kokoschka: Painter and dramatist
• Conrad Wilhelm Röntgen: German Physicist Inventor of the X-Rays
• Pierre Curie: French researcher. Nobel Prize. Maria Curie ´s Husband
• Ernest Rutherford: New Zealand Scientist
• Jose Ortega y Gasset: Spanish Philosopher
• Thomas Alva Edison: American Inventor
• H.G. Wells: English Novelist..The cult of speed and technology was an important element of his pessimistic vision
• Karl May: The most famous German writer of popular adventures, Karl May (1842-1912), specialized in exotic tales set either in the Middle East or in the Wild West.
• Arthur Conan Doyle: English Writer
• Edgar Rice Burroughs: Creator of Tarzan, King of Apes, First film in 1912
• Henry Morton Stanley: English explorer. Through him, King Leopold of Belgium acquired for him, a big portion of the Congo
• Edward Morel: Demanded with Roger Casement the terror of the Congo by King Leopold of Belgium and helped to end it
• Roger Casement: Irish. Condemned and executed in 1916. Denounced the terror of the Congo NativesSome ten million Congolese natives perished under Leopold’s rule, murdered, maimed, or left to starve. It was the largest genocide the world had seen.
• Robert Baden-Powell: British Colonel. Founder of The Boy Scouts
• Beatrice Webb: Fabian Society Activist. Socialist. Co-finder of the London School of Economics
• Lothar von Trotha: Lieutenant General. Widely condemned for his conduct of the Herero Wars in South-West Africa, especially for the events that led to the near-extermination of the Herero.
• Hendrikus Colijn: Lieutenant. Prime Minister of the Netherlands
• Henry I. Kowalsky: American Colonel. Lobbyst hired by King Leopold of Belgium
• Leon Gambetta: Italian Politician
• Yevgeni Ivanovich Alexseyev: Admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy, viceroy of the Russian Far East province, and commander of Russian forces at Port Arthur and in Manchuria during the first year of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05.
• Vyacheslav Plehve: Tsarist Russian Prime Minister. Assasinated
• Maksim Gorky: Russian Writer. Political activist
• Sergei Semenov: "Only 80 miles from Moscow itself, Sergei Semenov, a peasant admirer of Tolstoy, established the Markovo Republic, refusing to acknowledge the authority of the Russian state and governing a region comprising several villages, through a system of democratic councils"
• Ivan Bunin: Russian Writer. Novel: "A Gentleman from San Francisco"
• Valery Brjusov: Russian Poet. "The pale horse" poem
• Vladimir Mayakovsky: The unofficial poet laurate of revolution. wrote with others the 1912 manifesto: "A Slap in the Face of Public Taste"
• Leonid Andreev: Leonid Andreyev created a scandal when his novel The Seven Who Were Hanged was passed by the censor and published (a clear indication of how times had changed), giving bewildered readers a pitiless journalistic depiction of a night spent in prison by seven condemned terrorists awaiting execution in the morning. (Philipp Blom)
• Grigory Rasputin
• Nicholas II: Tsar of Russia. Nikolay Romanov
• Victoria, German Empress: Daughter of Queen Victoria of England, mother of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany
• Prince Henry: Of Prussia. Younger brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II
• Alfred von Tirpitz: German Admiral. Proposed the german naval strategy to the Kaiser
• Marcel Proust: French Writer. Modernism
• Léon Blum: Léon Blum (later to become prime minister) and Jean Jaurès hesitated to pick up a weapon to defend their honour.(Philipp Blom)
• Georges Clemenceau: ‘le tigre’, prime minister from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 to 1929, fought twelve duels (Philipp Blom)
• Anatole France: French Writer. Nobel Prize of Literature
• Philipp zu Eulenburg: German Prince. ‘Ambassador of the German Government to the Kaiser’. Confident of Kaiser Wilhelm II. Accused of homosexuality by the press.
• Friedrich Von Holstein: First councillor to the foreign ministry. ‘monster of the labyrinth’
• Alfred Redl: Colonel. Austro-Hungarian traitor and double agent. Was forced to commit suicide
• Virginia Woolf: English Writer. Modernism
• Max Nordau: Zionist leader, physician, author, and social critic.
• Friedrich Nietzsche: German Philosopher and writer
• Alfred Nobel: Inventor of dynamite. Industrialist
• Leo Tolstoy: Count. Russian Writer
• Vyacheslav Ivanov: Russian poet and philosopher. Symbolist Movement
• Dyonisus: Nietzsche had brought the Greek god back from mythological death, and the ecstatic, irrational dimension that was his appealed strongly to a young generation whose childhoods had been dominated by rigid notions of discipline, control, reason and self-sacrifice. It is significant that the epicentre of this explosion of alternative ways of living lay in Germany and Austria-Hungary.
• Fanny von Reventlow: Countess
• Wassily Kandinsky
• Franz Marc
• Martin Buber: Zionist
• Richard Strauss: Composer
• Helena Blavatsky: Pioneer of Teosophy and Anthroposophy. Counsin of Sergei Witte
• Maurice Leblanc: Writer. creator of the gentleman thief Arsene Lupin
• Filippo Tommaso Marinetti: Creator of Futurism
• Giacomo Balla: Futurist Painter
• Umberto Boccioni: Futurist Painter
• Luigi Pirandello: Nobel Winner. italian Writer

Quotes edit see section history

• “The War acted not as a creator, but as a catalyst, forcing old structures to collapse more quickly and new identities to assert themselves more readily.”

  Philipp Blom

• “With the collapse of the Soviet empire, some of the openness and uncertainty of the Vertigo Years have reappeared, and today it is much more difficult to say what the future will bring for our societies.”

  Philipp Blom

• “There was not even the remotest indication of what was taking place in their Congolese homelands, of the largest genocide the earth had witnessed, perpetrated under the personal supervision of his Majesty King Leopold of Belgium, one of the celebrated guests of the 1900 Exhibition (in Paris).”

  Philipp Blom

• “‘Don’t enter, monsieur le Président, the shame of France is in there!’ It was an exhibit of ‘radicals’, curated by the art collector Roger Marx. The shameful secret was the work of Gauguin, Seurat, Cézanne, Pissarro, Picasso, Manet and Monet, degenerate art avant la lettre. (Conservative Art critique to President Loubert entering the Gran Palais Exposition)”

• “‘I mourn the safe and motherly old middle-class Queen (Queen Victoria), who held the nation warm under the fold of her big, hideous, Scotch-plaid shawl and whose duration had been so extraordinarily convenient and beneficent. I fear her death much more than I should have expected; she was a sustaining symbol - and the wild waters are upon us now.’”

  Henry James

• “Since time immemorial, the power of Europe’s aristocracies had been based on their land, which allowed them to raise armies and construct great palaces, or simply to bankroll a leisured life in the country or at court. The wealth of the land, and the idea of a social structure ordained by God, were the two great key-stones of aristocratic rule. But within the previous three decades, both had been fatally undermined.”

  Philipp Blom

• “‘Between the duties expected of one during one’s lifetime and the duties exacted from one after one’s death, land has ceased to be either a profit or a pleasure. It gives one a position, and prevents one from keeping it up,’”

  Oscar Wilde

• “In a characteristically German way, the burghers had emancipated themselves from the constraints of the old hierarchy by creating a new one.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Austria-Hungary was not a country but a collection of lands belonging to the Habsburg family, a political relic from the Middle Ages.”

  Philipp Blom

• “In response to all kinds of political unrest, the imperial administration had cultivated the noble art of formalized inertia: improvising, stalling, waiting, granting a little here and taking it away with the other hand, never facing the important questions, always hoping that the problems might simply go away if only the administration proved more patient than had history.”

  Philipp Blom

• “While the Emperor (Habsburg) continued to function like a mechanical doll, there was a sense of emptiness and falsehood at the heart of all this stuccoed magnificence.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Only Greek myth could have produced a family more dysfunctional and more glaringly immoral than his own. (Habsburg Family)”

  Philipp Blom

• “Literally as well as metaphorically, covering up the obvious became the central principle of life in Habsburg Vienna.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Everything in our thousand-year-old Austrian monarchy seemed based on durability…Only this security made our lives worth living. Today ... we know that this world of certainty was nothing but a castle in the air. And yet, my parents inhabited it like a house built of stone. Not once did a storm or even a sharp draft disturb their warm, comfortable existence.”

  Stefan Zweig

• “Nobody could claim to discover or to act from universal principles, as these were nothing but a projection of a neurotic failure to live up to the perfection of life in the womb.”

  Sigmund Freud

• “But what’s happening inside me, what is tormented and frightened inside me, have they ever been interested in that?’ They had not. In the context of good society the very question was heretical. (Stream-of-conscious novel)”

• “Appearances could not be trusted in a social world in which the windows of the soul had to stay firmly shut to keep out temptation.”

  Philipp Blom

• “No art form is more public than architecture, and none more political: one can choose not to read a book, not to enter a gallery, but it is much more difficult to avoid seeing certain buildings or parts of a city, and as the aesthetic and generational conflict between historicism and early modernity progressed it left visible traces in cities all over the world, beacons of a different way of thinking about beauty, and about human nature.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Every Habsburg subject was an Oedipus to the crushing father figure of the Emperor; every stroll through the city and every visit to the theatre reinforced the notion of the dangerous dichotomy between façade and structure, between external and internal life.”

  Philipp Blom

• “this supposed immutable and unique reality ... does not exist: there are as many realities as points of view.”

  Jose Ortega y Gasset

• “Amid the weariness of reality and truth and the doubts about language itself and the multiple perspectives of experience, modernism was born.”

  Philipp Blom

• “It was the cancer eating away at Europe’s claim to moral leadership and missionary zeal to colonize the world”

  Philipp Blom

• “Just as Captain Dreyfus was the perfect embodiment of French anxieties, the image of the straight-living Christian Boers being crushed under the boot of a superior power with undeniable economic motives made them an ideal symbol of a common anxiety, a rallying point for admirers of very different backgrounds.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Only a decade before, cheaper and faster typesetting, photographic reproduction and printing technologies had revolutionized the industry and a good story always sold, especially if it involved atrocities committed by a foreign power.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Morel’s success ( in fighting the Congo Massacres) illustrated the importance of winning the image war, and almost a century later the image of colonialism itself and its importance for Europe has been thoroughly reassessed by historians”

  Philipp Blom

• “Colonial pride (and, latterly, shame) as embodied by Cecil Rhodes, the African Colossus and prime instigator of the Boer War, was imperialism at its most visible and at its crudest, but it was not representative of British culture, or British thought”

  Philipp Blom

• “Many of the great detective’s cases (in literature) have a colonial background, in fact, but this background is useful only as a repository of unusual poisons, opium, rare snakes, unexplained fortunes, and men returning to their country with their health ruined.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Oxford was famous for its oriental studies, as was London’s Imperial College. Institutions like these taught Indian and African languages and cultures, edited Sanskrit texts and studied everything from art to agriculture, but their students remained in the ivory tower or went out to govern”

  Philipp Blom

• “It is interesting, however, that hardly any of these imaginative thinkers turned to the colonies of the countries they lived in. Pablo Picasso was fascinated by objects from French central Africa which helped him discover a new aesthetic in tribal masks and sculptures, while others, like Vassily Kandinsky, who went to live with shamans in the Urals, or Igor Stravinsky, who relived imaginary rituals of ancient Russians, looked for inspiration closer to home.”

  Philipp Blom

• “The fascination with the Orient was also a fascination with a sensual world of ‘natural’ and strong emotions, of an erotic paradise untouched by the withering hand of the Church, or the perversion of the big city.”

  Philipp Blom

• “‘Bloody Sunday’, as it was to become known, was widely seen as the day the Tsar set his army upon his own people. The outrage it caused sparked months of revolutionary unrest and marked a turning point in Russia’s history.”

  Philipp Blom

• “- ‘The more you beat the old woman, the tastier the soup will be,’ - ‘Beat the fur, and it’s warmer; beat your wife, and she’s sweeter’ Russian Proverbs.”

• “‘the Empress…and her spouse <!> immure themselves in fortresses - the palaces at Tsarskoe Selo and Peterhof. From their fortresses they send telegrams of condolence to the wives of men who have fallen at the hands of foul revolutionary assassins, praise the fallen for their courage, and declare “my life does not matter to me as long as Russia is happy”.’”

  Sergei Witte

• “Given the situation in the Russian empire, with its brutalized and ignorant peasant majority, its viciously suppressed minorities, a frustrated middle class and the often staggering incompetence of its administrators, it seems a miracle that a large revolution did not occur much earlier. When it finally happened, it arose from a cause as stupid as it was unnecessary: the disastrous war with Japan.”

  Philipp Blom

• “The Tsar sleeps. He sleeps on a volcano”

  Aleksey Alexandrovich Bobrinsky

• “Feeling oscillated between despondency and rage, between impotent frustration and a fatalistic certainty that another, far more bloody apocalypse would only be a matter of time.”

  Philipp Blom

• “....while mystics and madmen like the thoroughly debauched monk Rasputin gained power over an imperial couple losing its last connections with reality, the Tsar looked over his country with eyes bleary from incense and alcohol.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Meanwhile Russian culture exploded in an angry and radiant creativity. Nowhere in the world was the sense of precariousness more urgently felt than in this stifled society torn apart by the ineluctable forces of change, and nowhere was this clearer than in the works of many artists for whom their vocation was a continuation of revolution by other means - or a flight away from this absurdly downtrodden world into a realm of pure, mystically inspired symbolism.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Alexander Skriabin made his sense of dislocation audible in piano pieces floating loosely between tonalities and in orchestral poems combining sound and light into overwhelming hallucinations; Kandinsky brought to his canvases the primeval symbols of shamanic rituals in restless and disjointed geometrical compositions; Kasimir Malevich found the uncompromising power of abstraction, and the painter Mikhail Larionov reproduced his view of a fractured, often frightening world in ragged shapes very similar to those conceived by Braque and Picasso. The old values were dead. ‘The genius of our day: trousers, jackets, shoes, tramways, buses, airplanes, railways, magnificent ships. We deny that individuality has any value in a work of art,’ declared Larionov. Around 1905 his work evolved from tender and lyrical expressionist compositions to an uncompromisingly childlike primitivism with saturated colours and rough-hewn features. Having scraped off the thin veneer of civilization, Larionov foun”

  Philipp Blom

• “We paint ourselves because a clean face is offensive, because we want to herald the unknown, to rearrange life.”

  Mikhail Larionov

• “Then as now, rapid changes in technology, globalization, communication technologies and changes in the social fabric dominated conversations and newspaper articles; then as now, cultures of mass consumption stamped their mark on the time; then as now, the feeling of living in an accelerating world, of speeding into the unknown, was overwhelming.”

  Philipp Blom

• “We will glorify war - the world’s only hygiene - militarism, patriotism, the destructive gesture of freedom-bringers, beautiful ideas worth dying for, and scorn for woman. (Futurist Manifesto)”

  F. T. Marinetti

• “‘Our future is on the water,’ the Kaiser declared. In the long run, conflict was inevitable.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Duelling became all the rage in the 1880s and continued far into the twentieth century.”

  Philipp Blom

• “The duel was perceived as a healthy tonic against the sluggish, decadent life of modern times, ‘the first tool of civilization, the only means man had found to reconcile his brutal instincts and his ideal of justice’, in the words of Anatole France, who was to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1921.”

  Philipp Blom

• “All too often the state educated its citizens without educating them to become citizens.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Many great scandals of the two decades leading up to the First World War involved the army and accusations about homosexuality.”

  Philipp Blom

• “It is one of Britain’s greatest charms that its citizens refuse to take anything very seriously, even and especially their own great symbols; it is one of her greatest weaknesses that they pay as much attention to the subtleties of class as a German would have to epaulettes.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Of great intellectual subtlety and depth in their ensemble, some of his (Nietzche) more declamatory sentences were fatally liable to being quoted out of context.”

  Philipp Blom

• “Eugene Sandow and Kaiser Wilhelm, Dreadnought battleships and duelling, body-building, sailor suits and grand military parades all played their part in the cult of virile strength that was, in part at least, a reaction to the spreading uncertainty about masculine virtues and manliness itself.”

  Philipp Blom

• “The middle-class fashion for alternative beliefs also, as so often, went hand in hand with ideas of a change in sexual more”

  Philip Blom

• Popular Highlights from Kindle Customers

• Then as now, rapid changes in technology, globalization, communication technologies and changes in the social fabric dominated conversations and newspaper articles; then as now, cultures of mass consumption stamped their mark on the time; then as now, the feeling of living in an accelerating world, of speeding into the unknown, was overwhelming.

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• Atget’s Paris is infinitely evocative, but almost always dead, devoid of human presence, or rather of a human present, for the presence of innumerable past inhabitants can still be read in the worn steps and faded walls and in the very air around them.

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• There was not even the remotest indication of what was taking place in their Congolese homelands, of the largest genocide the earth had witnessed, perpetrated under the personal supervision of his Majesty King Leopold of Belgium, one of the celebrated guests of the 1900 Exhibition.

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• Eugène Atget (1857-1927), a photographer with a patient and lyrical eye, devoted his entire working life to the city he loved and its magic,

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• Society as a great collective dream designed to force people into being useful instead of enjoying themselves and fulfilling the primary (sexual) function imposed on them by nature

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• Land as the power base of the aristocracy had been all but destroyed. By 1900, some 14,000 estates had been mortgaged, with only 2,800 of their owners managing to keep up their repayments. Between 1903 and 1909 alone, Britain’s aristocrats sold 9 million acres of land.

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• ‘All human relations have shifted - those between masters and servants, husbands and wives, parents and children. And when human relations change there is at the same time a change in religion, conduct, politics, and literature.’

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• The War acted not as a creator, but as a catalyst, forcing old structures to collapse more quickly and new identities to assert themselves more readily.

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• neurosis became a leading idea not only in fiction (‘I am a neurasthenic. That’s my profession and my fate,’ declares a character in a novella by Heinrich Mann) but also in medicine. The young Sigmund Freud had travelled to Etienne Charcot’s Paris practice to study this phenomenon and the new scientific attention lavished upon it, and sanatoriums across Europe made a tidy living out of treating nervous disorders and mental breakdowns not only of ‘hysterical’ women, but increasingly of men who felt overwhelmed and undermined.

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• Lord Randolph Churchill famously married Jenny Jerome, the daughter of a New York financier, who shocked London society not only by her sassy independence, but also by sporting an elegant tattoo of a snake around her wrist.

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Setting & Locations edit see section history

• Germany
• France
• Britain
• Paris
• Prussia
• Europe
• London
• Berlin
• Vienna
• United States
• Congo Free State
• Moscow
• Austria-hungary
• England
• India
• New York
• Italy
• Africa
• Munich
• Japan
• America
• Prague
• Belgium
• Republic
• Malevich
• Finland
• Brussels
• Channel
• Greece
• Manchuria
• New Zealand
• Budapest
• Cambridge
• Hyde Park
• Morocco
• Chicago
• Hamburg
• St Petersburg
• Egypt
• Switzerland
• Atlantic
• Portsmouth
• Goethe
• China
• Virginia
• Siberia
• Schwabing: Munchen. Home of the German Bohème and of an artists’ colony .......

Organizations edit see section history

• Junkers: (from Jungherr) A Prussian aristocrastic class
• Burgertum: German Middle Class
• Kommerzialrat: Commercial Councillor, emblem of dependability and honorable conduct
• Burschenschaft: Student fraternity, most of which were thoroughly reactionary, antisemitic and nationalist, and devoted to drinking, singing, more drinking - and duelling with sabres.
• Deutsche Friedengessellschaft: Founded by Bertha von Suttner and journalist Alfred Hermann Fried
• Interpalamentary Union: Exclusively made up of socialists, among them Jean Jaures
• Wandervogel: Founded in 1896, the Wandervogel movement in Germany attracted tens of thousands of young people. They wanted to roam free, to go for long cycle rides through the countryside, and generally to escape from the strictures of bourgeois anxiety into a world without constraints, happily singing around the camp fire.
• Theosophical Society: Founded by Helena Blavatsky
• Bloomsbury: Group around the writers Virginia and Vanessa Stephen (later Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell)
• Futurism: Movement devoted to the worship of cars, velocity, technology and violence

Table of Contents edit see section history

Authors & Contributors edit see section history

1. Philipp Blom (Author)

First Edition edit see section history

Classification edit see section history

• Library of Congress: Add the Library of Congress Classification.
• Dewey: 940.288

Subjects edit see section history

• Books › History › Europe › England
• Books › History › World
• Books › History › Europe › Germany
• Books › History › Europe › Western

Links to Supplemental Material edit see section history

• The Guardian: Book Review

More Books Like This edit see section history

Books with Additional Background Information edit see section history